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英语完形填空技巧点拨

时间:2017-09-22 17:57:28  来源:  作者:  阅读数:

  一)词汇知识的运用(各类词的用法及搭配、词语辨析)

  1.动词

  1)动词的结构功能(vi./vt./linkv., 接什么样的宾语,能否接复合宾语,接什么样的复合宾语)

  eg (1). But by using literary texts alongside other texts, teachers can 42 students

  improve their reading skills.

  A. force B. help C. get D. wish

  析:选【B】。只有help 可接help sb.do sth.

  2)分析上下文情景,注意词汇与话题的同现

  结构是为意思服务的,在完形填空中大部分选项只看动词的结构功能是很难判断的,所以要分析上下文情景。

  (2)(Father)“Kate and John, a friend of mine is coming here to see me this evening, and I wish to be with him. Will you go up to your own room?”We ,went to our room and closed the door.

  A. punished B. trembled C. obeyed D. replied

  析:【C】上文父亲吩咐她们上楼到自己的房间去,她们去了,说明按父亲的吩咐做了,所以选C。

  2.代词(不定代词/指示代词; 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词/疑问代词/关系代词/相互代词等)

  1.不定代词(some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, no one, one, none, something, anything, nothing ; all, every, each, other, either, neither, both, half, everybody, everyone, everything ; many, much, few, little, a few等)

  2.指示代词(that, this, these, those, such ,same, so)

  one 代[C] 泛指,指非限定的一个;可代人/物

  that 代[C] 特指;不可代人;代[U]

  this 近指,后指 that 远指,前指

  (3) is the sports programme. 开始体育节目。

  (4) is the end of the news. 新闻到此结束。

  Keys: (3)This 4)That

  3.名词/形容词/副词/介词(依上下文语义/语境要求,搭配,话题来选)

  4.同义词/近义词/形似词

  1)词的搭配能力(rise/raise, hope/wish)

  如:demand (of sb.) to do sth. pick one’s pocket

  request/require sb. to do sth. rob sb. of sth. steal sth. from sb.

  2)单词的适用范围/场合

  如:voice/sound/noise; defend/protect/guard ,ask/beg,kill/murder等

  3)单词的感情色彩

  如:die 中性词,pass away 表示对死者的尊敬

  4)过程与结果的不同

  look for/search 重过程 find/discover 重结果

  5)区分结构类似而意思不同的表达法

  如:be used to do sth./be used to doing sth./used do sth.

  take place/take one’s place/take the place of

  can’t help do sth./can’t help doing sth./can’t help but do sth.

  6)注意有意识与无意识

  如:notice:表无意识行为,observe/watch/see 表有意识行为

  5.词语的搭配

  1)动词的搭配(do 和make的搭配能力较强,要常记,记牢,记熟)

  do(a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc.)

  make(a study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, contribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, one’s way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc.)

  2)名词的搭配

  形容词与名词的搭配有的具有一定的文化背景,学生要注意“貌合神离”的词语。如:

  lucky dog 幸运儿 right hand得力助手

  narrow escape死里逃生 dark horse出人意料的获胜者

  3)形容词的搭配

  有些形容词可以加一个形容词修饰,表示强调,使表达更加生动。常见的有:pitch dark(漆黑的), brand new (崭新的),crystal clear(水晶般的) ,wide open(张得大大的), fast asleep(睡得很熟的), wide awake(完全醒着的), icy cold(冰冷的), etc.

  有些形容词可以和不同的介词搭配,学生应注意比较、归纳。如:

  sick for 渴望 tired from因 而疲劳 engaged in 忙于

  sick of 厌倦 tired of 对 厌倦 engaged to 与某人订婚